12 diferencias entre ciudadanos y residentes permanentes legales

12 diferencias entre ciudadanos y residentes permanentes legales Las diferencias en derechos entre un ciudadano americano y un residente permanente legitimate child numerosas y de gran importancia. Es principal saber las diferencias porque aunque la tarjeta de residencia, tambiã ©n conocida como green card, permite que un extranjero viva y trabaje legalmente en Estados Unidos, pero no le da los derechos que sã ³lo pueden tener los estadounidenses. En este artã ­culo adems de seã ±alar cules child las 12 diferencias fundamentales se recuerdan dos obligaciones comunes y se seã ±ala cul es el camino a seguir para pasar de ser residente permanente lawful a ciudadano de los Estados Unidos. 12â ejemplos de derechos que sã ³lo tienen los ciudadanos estadounidenses 1. Votar, previa registraciã ³n, en elecciones nacionales para elegir presidente de los Estados Unidos, senadores y congresistas. Este derecho se mantiene en la mayorã ­a de los casos aã ºn cuando el ciudadano dwell habitualmente en otro paã ­s. Es decir, los expatriados pueden votar. 2. Acceder a ciertos empleos limitados a ciudadanos. Estas child las 50 profesiones con ms demanda en el gobierno government, con sus salarios y nivel de educaciã ³n que se pide. Incluso roughage que tener en cuenta que ciertos empleos que requieren previa autorizaciã ³n por motivos de seguridad (freedom) pueden estar vetados a ciudadanos americanos con doble nacionalidad. 3. Ser elegido representante de los ciudadanos. 4. Actuar como jurado en juicios civiles o penales. 5. Poder solicitar la residencia permanente para familiaresâ en ms casos y ms rpidamente que los que child solamente titulares de una tarjeta de residencia. Pero recordar que para solicitar los papeles para padres o hermanos los ciudadanos deben de haber cumplido los 21 aã ±os de edad. 6. Poder vivir en el extranjero sin lã ­mite de tiempo. Sin ban, los residentes sã ­ tienen que tener cuidado con el tiempo que pasan fuera de Estados Unidos, ya que pueden quedarse sin la residencia. 7. Si cometen crã ­menes o faltas, los ciudadanos child responsables penalmente y/o civilmente, pero no pierden derecho a vivir en EEUU. Por el contrario, los residentes pueden ser deportados. 8. Adems, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con la green card la ciudadanã ­a no se tiene que renovar, es para toda la vida. Sã ³lo se pierde en casos extremos o por actos voluntarios expresos. Esta es una lista de famosos estadounidenses que renunciaron a su nacionalidad por causas muy diversas, aunque en la mayorã ­a de los casos fue para no pagar impuestos. 9. Los ciudadanos pueden tener una doble nacionalidad. Ya que EU no exige a los ciudadanos que se naturalizan que renuncien a su ciudadanã ­a unique. Sin ban, el paã ­s de origen sã ­ que puede exigir que sus ciudadanos que renuncien a su naciã ³n de nacimiento al jurar lealtad a los Estados Unidos. 10. Sã ³lo los ciudadanosâ pueden pedir una visa para sus prometidos extranjeros. La finalidad tiene que ser casarse en los Estados Unidos. Adems, los familiares inmediatos de ciudadanos, como child su cã ³nyuge, hijos solteros menores de 21 aã ±os y los padres, gozan de ciertos beneficios migratorios, como la posibilidad de ajustar su estatus en ms casos, and so on. 11. Child estadounidenses y tienen derecho al pasaporte americano los hijos de ciudadanos nacidos en el outside, salvo con ciertas limitaciones. Y eso es porque pueden transmitir su ciudadanã ­a a sus hijos sin importar su lugar de nacimiento. Es lo que se conoce como derecho de sangre. 12. Otra importante diferencia entre los ciudadanos y los residentes permanentes es que ciertos beneficios sociales como los cupones de alimentos y Medicaid aplican de manera distinta a residentes y ciudadanos. Obligaciones comunes a ciudadanos y residentes Aunque el estatus de ciudadano y de residente es distinto, existen obligaciones comunes an ambos. Por ejemplo, la de registrarse para el Servicio Selectivoâ o la de pagar impuestos. Naturalizarse para obtener la ciudadanã ­a History of the U.S Los residentes permanentes pueden solicitar naturalizarseâ cuando cumplen elâ tiempo de espera de los residentes para aplicar por la ciudadanã ­a americanaâ que varã ­a dependiendo del caso. Si lo que da miedo es el examen de inglã ©s y conocimientos cã ­vicos roughage que saber que en algunos casos es posible rendir el examen en espaã ±ol. Asimismo, algunos discapacitados podrã ­an no tener que rendirlo. Tambiã ©n es posible preparar el examen en las clases gratuitas para la ciudadanã ­a que brindan numerosas organizaciones en task el paã ­s o tomar este test o test de respuestas mã ºltiples para saberâ si aprobarã ­as el examen de naturalizaciã ³nâ sobre conocimientos cã ­vicos.â Actualmente, el proceso de naturalizaciã ³n dura un promedio de cinco a seis meses y debe iniciarse rellenando correctamente el formulario N-400.

Description of my visit to cemetery Free Essays

The burial ground visit causes ghostly sentiments of quietness and disquiet. 1. It is extremely calm, quiet, serene completely still, aside from feathered creatures twittering surrounding me. We will compose a custom exposition test on Depiction of my visit to burial ground or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now 2. I ensured that I visited during the sunlight hours when the sun was surely sparkling splendidly: showing splendid excellence and dispersing any shadows as I strolled stealthily it appears. - I am reluctant to visit the gravesite after nightfall hours. I don't care for dull shadows or anything that is puzzling or causes me to feel squeamish and uncomfortable. - The gravesites all around are level generally, with a couple of hills of earth and head stones. - The whole spot isn't known as a burial ground or gravesite, however it is known as a remembrance garden. It seems undeniably progressively charming to me to visit and investigate a remembrance garden rather than a graveyard. At the point when I hear the word garden associated with anything I consider doing fun things, of blossoms, the green blooms and the springtime buds and upbeat recollections. I consider vegetables and organic products developing on a plot of ground. I consider very much manicured yards covered by rich, sound green grass. I consider produce I can collect from the earth, wash off and destroy right. 4.â â My graveyard visit is lovely and energizing just as a result of the climate and the condition I experience at the site and it is daytime and the light wherever is splendid. The grounds are additionally perfect and blooming. The entire of nature is by all accounts settled all over. 5.â â â â â Most gravesites have names on them with lovely assortments of blossoms and decorative designs on the ground. I can't resist the opportunity to see the green grass is thriving great †solid very much took care of and very welcoming. A couple of different guests walk around the nursery mindfully, mincing and viewing all their means, obviously keeping in mind the dead covered there. 6.â â â â â I likewise notice a couple of precious stone white gazebos dissipated all through the nursery where guests can sit so as to reflect and ponder. For sure blossoms and perennials encompass their white cross section work of wood with perplexing and striking structures. Everything appears to have been made to energize veneration and wonderment. 7.â â â â â Even however wonderful and still and calm, the gravesite condition causes me unavoidably to think about my life, to consider passing itself †what it is and why it is. I truly wonder where those individuals went whose remaining parts are covered underneath the burial ground soil. 8.â â â â â The whole scene additionally makes me think about my own mortality. How delicate and transient people truly are. â€Å"Here today and gone tomorrow† is a generally spoken society express that helps me to remember how we should truly deal with ourselves and live our lives as long and as rich as possible. The gravesite makes me think about the marvels of life that I have now. Its delights and its numerous open doors are unique. I absolutely don't plan or wish to pass on now. I need to live as long as Possible. 9.â â â â â The burial ground visit likewise drives me to think about my own entry into the other domain, into insensibility. What will it resemble it? I truly ponder and have pondered for quite a while. What is Step by step instructions to refer to Description of my visit to graveyard, Essays

5 Essential Tips To Choose Your Blog Topics Wisely

5 Essential Tips To Choose Your Blog Topics Wisely Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Essential Tips To Choose Your Blog Topics WiselyUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : JaykrishnaTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozimN9 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAs a blog owner you need to update your blog with informative content, but it is hard to choose different topics every day so that the readers get entertained and engaged in your blog. Well we all know that Content is the King and the king must stay fit and fine i.e., it must contains some information that help readers, else the blog will be down and no one will recognize your blog name. Choose your blog topics in a respective and scheduled matter so that the catchy headline of your blog topics get you the increasing numbers of clicks by each surpassing day.Do you get confused everyday while you choose your blog topics? If yes then this post might help you in choosing your blog topics. Yet almost ev ery topic is covered in the World Wide Web, it your style that represents the same old topic in a new version. Updating the same old topics is not that much easy so it’s better to adopt these techniques mentioned below when you choose your blog topics.1. Topics in TrendWhen you choose your blog topics be sure that the topics are in trend, when you choose your blog topics that are searched more often then you may get lot of visitors daily from search engines which can turn out huge results in the Google page rank updates. Give some time too your blog research about the topics that are in trend and are searched more and more and then choose the ultimate topic that best suits your blog niche and write to the point without roaming the world’s talk. A writer is known to every one when he write informative articles else every one can write scrappy contents , so being in trend is important but helping your readers will surely help you more , this is the simple technique of barter syste m you help others and get help from others in the terms of traffic.2. Write about what you Love to ResearchIt’s very often that you have to research about your topic so that you can deliver quality and add glamorous information in your blog posts so after you have choose your blog topics you need to research and your research will become successful only if you have interest in researching about that topic. The factor of researching about your beloved topic always works better but this technique is ignored and not that much admired by today’s era bloggers as the demand of time is to earn money by deed and indeed but this is not acceptable, so try to write informative posts and research before you write.READProgramming Languages To Learn For A Career In Web3. Write Evergreen TopicsWell there are many topics that are evergreen that means they are always in trend. Let’s say if your niche is Blogging then any topic related to SEO, how to improve SEO, or other blogging tips are alwa ys in trend. When you choose your blog topics just you need to use your brain to choose some topics that remain always in trend, just grab your basic idea of blogging idea and write your contents as soon as possible.4. Write about your InterestWhen you write any topic you can make it more spicy and juicy if you have interest to write that topic, so it’s better to write contents you have interest this method works a lot while you choose your blog topics. The direct benefit of writing interest is when you choose your blog topic you need to know some thing about the topic so that you can defend yourself if some one raise a question in the comment section.5. Choose the category that bring more TrafficWhile you choose your blog topics, one thing you need to keep in mind that you are not writing for your self you are writing for your readers so gather some information from your readers that what they love to hear from you. In every blog there are some beloved categories, so it’s bette r to hit that category every time while you choose your blog topics. This will not only bring more traffic to your site but also let your readers to think that your blog belongs to them as you are flexible according to there demands and the changing trend.Hope these techniques of mine would help you to pick your best topics when you think about choosing your blog topics. If I had missed some techniques then you can share your views in the comment section. Well these are very common tips but the most basic thing you need to follow while you choose any topic is that you need to write about your readers and your posts must be informative. Just rewriting from other blogs is not going to help your blog to grow.

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1139 Words

Although love is an affectionate and peaceful feeling, it can also be dangerous and deadly towards many lives if mixed with immature and impulsive characteristics. The tragic story of Romeo and Juliet, written by the well-known author William Shakespeare centers on a corrupt society and the romance of two young lovers, each a member of one of the feuding families, the Capulets and the Montagues. The importance of wealth, status and pride in society causes each of the family’s to disregard and neglect the new love formed by their immature children, Romeo and Juliet. The neglectful decisions created by the families, leads the passionate young lovers to perform a string of mistakes based off of their impulsive love, thus ending the conflict by taking their own lives and causing pain in the lives of those dear to them. The tragic love story, Romeo and Juliet qualifies as a Greek tragedy for the reason that it contains plot events displaying corruption of society as well as chains of mistakes created by the tragic hero, Romeo. Shakespeare shows that love can either be one’s hero and savior or a dangerous weapon if put into the hands of those who possess immature and irresponsible characteristics. The tragedy of the two star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet, was caused mainly by society who revolves around wealth and pride, which ultimately drove the feud of the lover’s families and cost the loss of many innocent lives. Lord Capulet, the father of Juliet, is a large part ofShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Henry David Thoreau Essay - 3362 Words

Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was a man who expressed his beliefs of society, government, and mankind while living under his own self-criticism. Thoreau believed he had many weaknesses which made him a failure. This strong disapproval of himself contrasted with his powerful words and strong actions. These contradictions led to some of Thoreaus greatest pieces of literature. Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts on July 12, 1817, in his grandmothers house. Thoreau believed that Concord was, the most estimable place in all the world, and in the very nick of time, too (Harding 4). Though Thoreau was born in the era of good feeling, his family experienced many misfortunes, politically, physically,†¦show more content†¦That sweet solitude my spirit seemed so early to require at once gave the preference to this recess among the pines, where almost sunshine and shadow were the only inhabitants that varied the scene, over the tumultuous and varied city, as if it had found its proper nursery (13-14). It is apparent that Thoreau associates Walden Pond with his happiest memories. Thoreau was a deeply religious man, but disliked church. He was very serious as a child and loved his solitude (Schneider 4). Thoreau says he was truly happiest when he could be by himself (25). In 1828, Thoreau and his older brother John, to whom he was closest, went to Concord Academy. Henry was the smarter of the two and in 1833, was sent to Harvard University, where he did very well. It was there that Thoreau was first exposed to writing publicly when the Editor of the Dial, which is a periodical for a transcendentalist group, gave him a job. In 1837, Thoreau graduated form Harvard and this is where he first heard Ralph Waldo Emerson speak. It was at this time that he began writing his journal. He started teaching in Concords Center School for a brief period of two weeks. Thoreau was told to enforce corporate punishment in the classroom and he resigned. He ended up working in his fathers pencil factory where he improved American pencils. He did this by improving the method of mixing graphite which he discovered by researching the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedHenry David Thoreau1930 Words   |  8 PagesBiographical Summary Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, and was the son of John Thoreau, a pencil maker, and Cynthia Dunbar (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ency. of World). Growing up in a â€Å"modest New England family,† Thoreau was one of four children and was accustomed to living practically (McElroy). As his family was â€Å"permanently poor,† he came to accept a moderate lifestyle, which may have later influenced his thoughts on the necessities of life (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ency. of World). As aRead MoreHenry David Thoreau4404 Words   |  18 PagesHenry David Thoreau INTRODUCTION Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian , philosopher andtranscendentalist. Henry David Thoreau was a complex man of many talents who worked hard to shape his craft and his life. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moralRead MoreHenry David Thoreau and the Counterculture1357 Words   |  6 Pageswith Henry David Thoreau and the Counterculture, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. Imagination and individuality are associated with the term. Henry David Thoreau who was a leading philosopher and poet was a leading transcendentalist. He compiled a novel titled Walden, a non-fiction depicting his stay at Walden Pond where he truly explored nature and h is transcendental quality. Similar to Thoreau, theRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : A Transcendentalist1438 Words   |  6 PagesHenry David Thoreau: A Transcendentalist Religion and politics are perhaps the most important topics of discussion, and paradoxically, the ones least discussed. Our differences cause us to shy away from such depth in our conversations with others and it is a remarkable human being who can share her opinion honestly on the subjects, and even more so, transcend the current popular opinions of the time. Henry David Thoreau was a man such as this. He spoke out against an unjust society and challengedRead MoreWalden By Henry David Thoreau843 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone sees the world through their own eyes. Not two people can see something in the exact same way or interpret it the same way. They can each have their own opinion about the subject. In â€Å"Walden† by Henry David Thoreau, he has a very individualistic view on nature. In â€Å"Walden†, Thoreau goes out into the woods to try and live his life deliberately. Schneider states, â€Å" In 1845, he received permission from Emerson to use a piece of l and that Emerson owned on the shore of Walden Pond.† He staysRead MoreComparing Sigourney And Thoreau, And Henry David Thoreau981 Words   |  4 PagesSigourney and Thoreau The authors Lydia Huntley Sigourney, and Henry David Thoreau, both demonstrate similarities and differences in their works. While comparing both essays, it is evident that both authors share similar views on environmental issues, and at the same time demonstrate great emotional journeys in their works. The extraordinary beauty of nature appears frequently in both pieces. Both authors focus their personal experiences, however, within different subject matters. The way in whichRead MoreThemes Of Henry David Thoreau925 Words   |  4 PagesHenry David Thoreau When people really take their time to look at the beautiful world around them and take it in, it is hard not to be amazed. Nature is the world around us such as plants, animals, ocean, and mounting. Centrally, he focuses on the relationship between nature and wildness, civilization, culture and the freedom in nature. Also, he thought deeply about nature and how can affects our self when we are alone. He extremely exaggeration, he trying to hang up and would attract us. The authorRead MoreThe Legacy Of Henry David Thoreau1991 Words   |  8 Pagessuccess against muscle and weapons. Yet, the enduring leadership and legacy of Henry David Thoreau, an early American author and abolitionist, has shaped the development and evolution of non-violent protest movements worldwide. This is the story of how the power of Thoreau’s words have shaped the arc of history for nearly 200 years: his pen was indeed mightier than the sword. Personal Background: Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817, in Concord, Massachusetts. He was also raised there forRead MoreThe Accomplishments Of Henry David Thoreau1472 Words   |  6 Pages Background Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12th, in Concord Massachusetts. Thoreau was many things, not simply just a writer; but he was one of the most influential writers America knows today. Early on in his life he grew up in a simple home with hard-working parents, and an abundance of siblings. His father and mother both had worked as teachers as well as investing in many other trades to get by. Henry started developing his talent for writing early on, by age ten he had written his firstRead MoreEssay on Henry David Thoreau474 Words   |  2 Pages Henry David Thoreau is a man of many facets; a man who refuses to conform to what the masses believe is acceptable. He calls for the rejection of complexity and for a change in mankind’s view of life. Thoreau, in his many writings, demands change in a stagnant society. He emphasizes respect for nature, even to the point of blatant disrespect for humanity. Thoreau’s connection to nature was a key ingredient in his lifestyle. He studied ants closely; hoping to understand them like one understands

Frankenstein Versus Prometheus Essay - 642 Words

Frankenstein Versus Prometheus What do a god and a crazy doctor have in common? Nothing right! Wrong! In the stories Prometheus and Frankenstein the protagonists are very alike in many ways. They both tried to play god, steal, and they both get punished for what they did. In the stories Prometheus and Frankenstein the protagonists both tried to play God in their own way. They did this by trying to create their own being or race to worship them. In the story Prometheus, the protagonist Prometheus takes all the human beings under his wing and teaches them the beginning of civilization and changes their lives completely. He grudged men all the gifts that Prometheus had given them and he was angry with Prometheus for granting to†¦show more content†¦He took the fire from the very hearth of Zeus himself on Olympus and brought it to man concealed in the stem of a plant. Prometheus who gave men every art and every science; and finally he gave them the gift of fire. Pg.5. Dr. Frankenstein stole body parts of dead people, even without fear that he was disturbing the dead in peace. One secret which I alone possessed was the hope to which I had dedicated myself, and the noon gazed on my midnight labors, while with unrelaxed and breathless eagerness I pursued nature to her hiding places. Who shall conceive the horrors of my secret toil as I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave or tortured the living animal to animate the lifeless clay? Pg.168. They did steal things but in return they both got punished for what they did. Prometheus and Dr. Frankenstein were both punished for the things they did in the stories. In Prometheus he was sent to the top of a high mountain and was nailed there to be tortured. Seize Prometheus and to carry him to the highest peak of the dreadful Caucasus. There among the crawling glaciers, beneath the lashing hail and winds of storm, or, in the summer time, shelterless against the scorching heat of the sun, Prometheus was to be bound fast with unbreakable chai ns. Pg.5. In Frankenstein Dr. Frankenstein is punished by having nightmares of dead people and he starts to go crazy and a little insane from theShow MoreRelatedThe Anxieties Of Modernity In Frankenstein And Dracula981 Words   |  4 Pagesanxieties of the times in which they were written tend to surface through important themes, characters and settings. Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley in 1818 and Dracula written by Bram Stoker in 1897 both share this characteristic by working through the anxieties of modernity, here meaning â€Å"the condition of being modern† , specifically between new world science and technology versus old world spirituality and faith. This manifests predominantly as the old traditional values of Europe contrastingRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - The Modern Prometheus946 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a Gothic novel which revolves around the concept of men overtaking the role of God by attempting to create life, which is successfully depicted through the character of Victor Frankenstein who creates and brings life to the â€Å"monster†, unaware of its consequences and responsibility. Similarly, the mythological story of â€Å"Prometheus† revolves around the young Titan who in attempts to help mankind, wages war with Jupiter by providing men with fire and how to utilize itRead MoreFrankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1665 Words   |  7 Pages1. In the novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, both Victor Frankenstein and the Monster are viable protagonists, as the fates of both characters comprise a considerable amount of the novel, and are so cruelly intertwined. Both being so crucial to the story, it is really a matter of the reader’s perspective as to who is good and who is bad. 2. From Victor Frankenstein’s perspective, the Monster is clearly the antagonist in the novel Frankenstein. He murders all of Frankenstein’s lovedRead MoreGood Vs Evil In Frankenstein1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn the infamous novel, Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley, there have been a variety of recurring themes throughout the book, one of them being good versus evil. Good versus evil is a popular theme that appears in several movies, TV shows, as well as literature itself. According to Wikipedia.com, it means: â€Å"[...] the battle between ideologies, with one side Good, and the other Evil. Another variation is the inner struggle in characters (and by extension, humans in reality) betweenRead MoreReligious Thought in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein2200 Words   |  9 Pages Religious Thought in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Every time a movie is made that portrays any part of the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, it is more than likely about the monster and his character rather than the creator and his. But, in the book, the scientist, Dr. Frankenstein, was more prominent, especially in view of his personal angst and wars, than the monster. It is true that the monster is a central character, but the man Frankenstein is a much more interesting study. What happensRead MoreNature and Nurture in Frankenstein1357 Words   |  6 Pagesin Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Since the beginning of life, nature and nurture have influenced all living things to learn, live, and survive. Nature represents the biological qualities that organisms inherit at birth, while nurture represents the qualities that organisms acquire from society. In the novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley portrays the theme of nature versus nurture through characterization, setting, and irony in order to show that the creature created by Fr ankenstein would not have beenRead MoreScience and Progress in Frankenstein and Hard Times3785 Words   |  16 PagesLITERATURE MAJOR ESSAY SCIENCE AND PROGRESS IN FRANKENSTEIN ANDHARD TIMES The 19th century was a time of massive change socially, politically and scientifically. This time saw the rise of Imperialism and of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, seeing massive changes in the way industry was run. Also during this time the literary movements of Romanticism and Victorianism emerged. Romanticism dealt with the issues of reality versus illusion, childhood and man versus nature. The first book I will examine inRead More Science in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Hard Times by Charles Dickens3626 Words   |  15 Pagesthe way industry was run. Also during this time the literary movements of Romanticism and Victorianism emerged. Romanticism dealt with the issues of reality versus illusion, childhood and man versus nature. The first book I will examine in this essay, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, comes from this literary period and focuses on the man versus nature theme, namely the theme of scientific development and it’s contrast to nature. Th e second book I will look at in this essay comes from the Victorian periodRead More The Dangers of Science in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay example1019 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein Mary Shelleys novel Frankenstein cannot merely be read as a literary work of the early 19th century. It represents the workings of young Shelleys mind. Further, it represents the vast scientific discoveries of the time, combined with Mary Shelleys intuitive perception of science. She views science as a powerful entity, but also recognizes the dangers if uncontrolled. Shelley demonstrates this fear in the book as science drives Victor Frankenstein to create his monsterRead MoreReview Of Frankenstein By James Whale1840 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review Critical Analysis of Frankenstein The 1931 film, Frankenstein, which was directed by James Whale changed the mad-scientist/horror movie scene permanently. Although it is almost a century old, people are still reenacting it and discussing it. This film is about a young man named Henry Frankenstein. Henry has an obsession with creating life. Fritz, Henry’s assistant, helped collect body parts from recently deceased corpses. The two men got to work, binding the parts together, to

Internet Intelectually Piracy Essay Example For Students

Internet Intelectually Piracy Essay Intellectual Property PiracyIn today=s society technology has made life easier and almost totally automated. You no longer need to go to a teller in a bank to deposit, withdraw, or even cash a check. You can even program a calculator to solve for the c value in an equation in math class. To even top things off you no longer need to be at home or around a computer to go on to the internet with advancements in cellular phone technology. Unfortunately there are drawbacks to the rapidly growing field of technology and computers. The internet is making more and more music, movies, games, and thousands of other software accessible. Most of it is stolen or emailprotected, and then put up on the internet for anybody to download and use on their PC (personal computer). Along the lines there are even programs that let you find, download, and use what you want at no charge. To be able to do this hurts or even destroys the inventors very own intellectual property and they have the right to make royalties off of their idea, whether it is music, movies, games, or even business/personal software. The loss of these properties are due to four main factors, networking, encryption, few or no precedents, and a fast growth, in the PC field. All of which have led intellectual property on the bleeding edge of the technology world but has not totally eliminated it from the market. Some companies are improving in those area with better programing and encrypting. Also with the help of the United States government in making laws, standards, and agencies totally focused on this area of technology. The first issue is networking. Whether its on a local level such as an intranet or LAN (local area network) where only a few computers are networked or connected together and have file sharing access or as a world wide factor as the internet or WAN (wide area network). Networking allows multiple use access the same data at the same time. When there is an intranet it is localized to only a small community such as a business or local school. However they tend to be link or connected to the internet allowing incoming and outgoing traffic through the extranet server. The extranet server gives the LAN access to the outside world but also give the outside world access to them. With hundreds of thousands of computers linked to each other gigabytes (approximately one billion bytes) of gigabytes of data are shared. To access this data you need a program that uses a process called FTP (file transfer protocol) or HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol). Many of these programs are free and come with your PC, such as Microsoft 7 Internet Explorer or Netscape 7 Navigator. With these programs allow anybody that has access to the internet to view and even download anything they want. As another way to receive data is through a direct connection contact via FTP. A very common and popular program to do this is used for music and is even under review by the United States federal court system, Napster 7. Napster 7 allows you to log on to a server and browse or look at what other users have on there computer and download anything at once. As of the thirteenth of November year two thousand there are seven thousand, nine hundred and five gigabytes of data and is comprised of 1,907,942 songs being shared at any user=s request (Napster client v2.0beta 7). Some of those songs might be free to share but that is only at the artist consent, but all other songs and artists lose their right to royalties and lose money. However not all artist are against the idea of sharing this way, they just wo rk around it. Some bands are putting secret songs on there albums and not putting them on the list of songs on the album or making the album an interactive album with the help of SONY=s CD EXTRA. These are just a few ways that artist protecting them selves against the internet. Along with networking problems comes encryption and protecting your digital and intellectual property. .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc , .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .postImageUrl , .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc , .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc:hover , .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc:visited , .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc:active { border:0!important; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc:active , .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6705c1708f251246f2b4dc7bde495ebc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Interpersonal Communications EssayTechnology is making it easier to compact, mass multiply, and distribute a product. Also with the total fade out of eight track cassette tape and long play record, music has converted over to CDs (compact disc). CDs are in digital format what are composed strictly zeros and ones. Now that CDRW (compact disc re write) drives have been released anybody can copy any CD they wish. Also along the lines of copying CDs there is software that lets anybody convert CD audio into a low space format mat called MP3 (Mpeg 3 layer), and can use the same program to play the song with out the CD. With this capability you can trade, sell, and even just give away the music with out the artist getting one penny of royalty. Some CD manufactures are encrypting their products to protect their data. Another type of piracy of intellectual DVD (digital versatile/video disc) ripping. A DVD is not a totally the same as a CD, it takes a special drive that reads the different layers on the disc, and transfers the data a faster speed. Besides a different drive, the disc space capacity of a DVD is almost ten times the size of the average CD. With these changes and a high encryption format a person is not able to copy a DVD on to a CD, but you can rip the movie. To rip the movie means to copy the image in a lower quality and different format that the DVD comes on. There is software that allows you to rip a movie that is seven gigabytes in a movie that is around 600 megabytes (approximately six hundred million bytes) in a Divx 😉 format. The quality of this format is very good and very fast but not as good as DVD. One of the problem with havin g an idea digitalized is that there are very few laws regarding the protection of an idea that is electronically produced. In the latest news regarding electronic copyright Napster is at the top of the list. Napster is one of the first companies to be charged with electronic piracy. They are being sued by many artist and their record labels, and Napster is setting a prescience in the file sharing of music over the internet. Napster wrote a program that allow their users to log into a server that is located in California, and search, view, and then download each others files at that moment. This process totally cut out the middle man of the record label, and also cutting off the consent to the artist. Besides losing the consent of the artist, the users are leaving out the royalties that are paid to the artist for their work and idea. The problem with the internet and file sharing is that there is a lot of ground that has to be explored because the area is so new. It is also a thriving market and business place, but still has a lot of development and growth. With the growth of the new market area there has only been a few precedents set in to place and standards very from country to country. What may be illegal in one country might be totally legal in another, such as drink and purchasing alcohol in the United States one must be of the age of twenty one, where in Europe the common age is sixteen. The internet allows people to setup server in multiple countries where it is legal and totally accessible all over the world, and allows them to host something that might be illegal in their home country. Unfortunately countries set thier own precedents, standards, and laws that effect the whole world, but the creators of the music, software, or movie will have to move to protect their product better. One of the reason for the lack of law is that the rapid growth of the computer industry, for it is only twenty years old. The computer field is constantly growing and changing before any laws can be made. Computers programers are always trying to make programs easier, faster, and more affordabl e for consumers. However there are programs known as emailprotected that there skills are harbored in being able to crack or break the code that makes up the programs that many consumers want. They work only to see if they can crack the code as a trill. Unfortunately it is becoming easier and easier to become a emailprotected with out knowing who to even know how to program or write machine code. There is more and more software being developed to convert music to MP3s, rip DVDs into DIVX 😉 format, and CDRW software that allows to create a CD in just a few minutes. With these programs being produced it allows anybody do what the professionals know how to do at the easy of point and click interface. However the programs are a threat the major developers of music, software, and movies where only they have the popular products that everybody wants. But the major developers are in the cutting edge of networking, encryption, and growth. .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 , .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .postImageUrl , .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 , .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999:hover , .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999:visited , .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999:active { border:0!important; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999:active , .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999 .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75d6e916d942fc3341221f1f73905999:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wendy Lugo EssayIntellectual property piracy is a serious and financially offensive crime. It helps increase the retail price of music, software, and movies. It is lead by the growth of technology and the lack of laws against it. As long as there are people looking for a way out of paying for something there will be intellectual property piracy. What is needed to be done is better security and encryption for digital data, harsher laws, and an internet standard for all countries. Works CitedADigital use of movies sparks free speech fight in emailprotected 7Aug 2000 http://www.post#64979;gazette.com/headlines/20000807dvdsuit1.aspKopyKatz http://www.kopykatz.com 13 Nov 2000Napster. http://www.napster.com/win/download/ 13 Nov 2000ANapster may be the King of Sales emailprotected 9 Nov 2000 http://www.post#64979;gazette.com/interact/20001109radin.aspOz, Effy. Management Information System. Cambridge, MA : Course 2000AVideo on demand: Any DVD movie can be copied, sent emailprotected 6 Aug 2000http://www.post#64979;gazette.com/businessnews/20000806interact7.asp

Voting Participation in the U.S. Presidential Elections

Introduction Recent studies of political attitudes and voting patterns in the United States presidential elections demonstrate that voter loyalties and voting trends have undergone a major shift since the original large-scale voting studies were initiated in the 1940s and 1950s (Guterbock, 1980).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Voting Participation in the U.S. Presidential Elections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the American context, the presidential elections are often a hotly contested affair between the traditionally business-oriented Republicans and the labor-oriented Democrats (Gelman, Kenworthy Su, 2010). However, as suggested by Gonzalez (2012), U.S. presidential elections are won on a number of platforms other than the philosophical leanings of the candidates or party interests. In this regard, it is important to evaluate the determinants of voting participation in the U.S. presidential el ections not only to assist political parties to polish their campaigns during the electioneering period, but also to inform policy decisions at the party level. While it is a well known fact that most Americans consider themselves as Republican or Democrat, a strand of existing political literature (e.g., Newman, 2001; Pasek et al., 2009; Weisberg, 2007) demonstrates that presidential election results are paradoxically predicated upon a multiplicity of factors other than partisan voting. While these studies exhibit rekindled interest in the existence of factors outside party identification that are intrinsically involved in determining the results of the presidential election (Holbrook McClurg, 2005), less attention has been devoted to examining the mechanisms by which these factors activate or deactivate partisanship and mobilize core supporters toward voting for a particular presidential candidate Wildavsky, 2011). Interestingly, many of these studies tend to deal with individual factors to understand voting patterns in U.S. presidential elections though common practice demonstrates that a number of factors are involved in efforts to shape the voting discourse and trajectory. The present study aims to fill this research gap by analyzing four possible determinants of voting participation in U.S. presidential elections: media, religion, social economic status and level of education. A comprehensive review of these factors is presented in the subsequent sections.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Available literature demonstrates that the media (print, electronic, Internet) has an agenda-setting capacity or â€Å"the ability to influence not what people think, but what they think about† (Newton Brynin, 2001 p. 225). This view is reinforced by Gonzalez (2012), who acknowledges that most modern media platforms have the capacity to prime or frame is sues in a manner that leads the audience or users to think about them in one way rather than another. Extending and supporting the work in this nascent area of research, Newman (2001) claims that victory in the U.S. presidential election often goes to the candidate who wages the best marketing campaign using available media platforms not only to make an emotional connection with the people, but also to project an image of honesty, compassion and toughness in the minds and hearts of the American people. Other scholars note that â€Å"both candidates and voters have increased their use of the Internet for political campaigns† (Robertson, Vatrapu Medina, 2010 p. 11). Presidential candidates, according to these authors, have adopted many Internet-based tools to communicate with voters, collect contributions, foster community and organize political campaigns, whereas voters have adopted Internet tools to relate to the presidential candidates, engage in political discourse, follow activist causes, and share information. The relationship between religion and the U.S. presidential elections has been investigated by a number of scholars. In his seminal work on religious identity and the U.S. presidency, Gonzalez (2012) found that â€Å"the relationship between religion and the presidency impacts both the viability of candidates and the manner in which decisions are made in the voting booth† (p. 568). In the 2012 presidential elections, for instance, Republican candidate Mitt Romney suffered considerable stigma from the American voters due to his close association with Mormon religious doctrines (Gonzalez, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Voting Participation in the U.S. Presidential Elections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Manza and Brooks (1997) are of the opinion that in the U.S political landscape, religious-oriented cleavages may have been a more fundamental fact or for understanding the social roots of voter alignments than the class cleavage owing to the fact that Americans normally claim higher levels of church membership and attendance at religious gatherings and hence are more likely to believe in God and claim that religion is of substantial importance in their lives. Social economic status has been shown as a possible determinant of voting participation in the U.S. presidential elections. A study by Southwell (2004) shows that unemployed and economically-disadvantaged people are less likely to take part in voting, whereas their employed and rich counterparts derive much satisfaction from participating in presidential elections. This author further explains that persons experiencing financial difficulties are â€Å"less likely to participate in elections because the stressful nature of economic adversity forces a preoccupation with personal economic problems and makes the individual withdraw from political or community matters as a re sult† (p. 237-238). Guterbock (1980) used ecological data from the Midwestern city of Middletown to demonstrate that although there is a perceived weakening of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and electoral choices, a considerable number of eligible Americans continue to vote along class and racial lines. According to the researcher, wealthy people and those in white-collar occupations continue to vote for Republican candidates to maintain the status quo, while middle class (working class) voters and immigrants vote for Democrat candidates because the policies projected by the Democratic Party are perceived as more responsive to their interests. Lastly, a number of research studies have investigated the relationship between a voter’s level of education and his or her voting participation in the U.S. presidential elections. Although the results are not conclusive, Coley and Sum (2012) â€Å"reveal a startling stratification at the nation’s poll ing stations, from a voting rate of 3.5 percent for voting-age high school dropouts to 80.5 percent for well-off, advanced-degree holders between the ages of 55 and 64† (p. 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These authors found a significant association between the level of education and civic engagement (e.g., participating in elections), leading to the conclusion that the nation’s less-educated, lower-income eligible voters have willingly disenfranchised themselves form the voting process. One Canadian study analyzing the last federal election found that â€Å"the voting rate among people with a university degree was 78% compared with rates of 60% or lower among those with a high school education or less† (Uppal LaRochelle-Cote, 2012 para. 12). These figures demonstrate that education may have a ‘positive effect’ on voting patterns not only in the U.S. but also internationally. The present study is interested in testing the following hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that voters with high media exposure (TV) are more likely to participate in U.S. presidential elections than voters with low media exposure. The second hypothesis is that voters with a solid religious orientation are more likely to determine the outcomes of the U.S. presidential election than voters with a secular orientation. he third hypothesis is that social economic status is a strong predictor in determining the probability of voting in the U.S. presidential elections. The last hypothesis is that voters with low levels of education are less likely to take part in presidential elections than voters with high levels of education. Methods The data for this study were extracted from a larger database known as the General Social Survey (GSS), which is basically a nationwide survey intended to capture the demographic, behavioral and attitudinal views of Americans on a wide range of issues. The GSS is a probability sampling national survey completed through personal questionnaires targeted at non-institutionalized individuals over the age of 18 years. Information from the GSS official website shows that â€Å"the 1972-2012 GSS has 5,545 variables, time-trends for 2,072 v ariables, and 268 trends having 20+ data points† (General Social Survey, 2013 para. 2). The 1996 data set was used in this study, and the sample size drawn for analysis consisted of 1,419 Americans. Data relevant to the dependent and the independent variables were used to test the hypotheses. Questions were posed to the participants and the responses entered into the corresponding categories in line with a quantitative approach. However, some items were not operationalized and required the respondents to give their responses in an open-ended manner. These responses were later operationalized by the researcher around underlying themes and then analyzed quantitatively using the IBM SPSS Statistics program. While the ordinal level of measurement was mostly used when values for the responses represented categories with some intrinsic ranking, the nominal level of measurement was used when values for the responses showed no form of intrinsic ranking, whereas the scale level of meas urement was employed when values for the responses represented ordered categories demonstrating a meaningful metric (Balnaves Caputi, 2001). For this study, the independent variables include respondent’s highest level of education (measured using ordinal level by ranking participants against the intrinsic categories for educational achievement), TV hours and Internet hours (measured using scale level by stating the number of hours respondents use per day watching TV), respondents income for the last year (measured using ordinal level by entering the respondent’s income for the last year into predetermined intrinsic categories), and belief in life after death (measured using nominal level as a â€Å"YES/NO† response). The dependent variable is whether the respondents voted in the 1996 U.S. presidential election. As already mentioned, the sample size for this study is 1,419. Quantitative techniques were employed to analyze the data with the view to testing the st ated hypotheses. Descriptive statistics (frequency distributions and cross tabulations) were used to demonstrate the frequency of occurrence and the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Chi-square tests were also done for purposes of identifying which frequencies and relationships could be considered statistically significant. The results are presented in the following section. Results Table 1 shows the cross-tabulation of the number of number of hours per day respondents spent watching TV and if they voted in the 1996 presidential elections. It is imperative to note that over two-thirds (67.9%) of respondents who spent a minimum of two hours per day watching the TV voted against only 118 (25.1%) who spent the same number of hours but did not vote. Similarly, 205 (67.9%) of respondents who spent 3-5 hours watching the news voted in the 1996 general elections against 23 (27.6%) who spent similar number of hours but did not vote. The Pearson Chi-Square test s howed a df of 45 and two-sided significance of 0.290, while the Spearman Correlation Coefficient showed an approximate significance of 0.082. Consequently, the level of occurrences and relationship is significant enough to prove that voters with high media exposure are more likely to participate in voting than voters with low media exposure. Table 1: Hours spent watching TV and Participation in 1996 General Elections Hours per day watching TV (n=880) Did Respondent Vote in 1996 General Election Voted Did not Vote Ineligible Refused to Answer Total 0-2 hrs 319 (67.9) 118 (25.1) 33 (7.0) 0 470 (53.4) 3-5 hrs 205 (64.3) 88 (27.6) 25 (7.8) 1 (0.3) 319 (36.3) 6-8 hrs 33 (55.9) 23 (39.0) 3 (5.1) 0 59 (6.7) Over 8 hrs 17 (53.1) 15 (46.9) 0 0 32 (3.6) Total 574 (65.2) 244 (27.7) 61 (6.9) 1(0.9) 880 (100) N.B: Row percentages are presented in parenthesis Table 2 shows the cross-tabulation of perceptions of belief in life after death (to demonstrate religiosity) and if res pondents voted in the 1996 presidential elections. From the cross-tabulation, it is clear that out of 521 valid cases of respondents who voted in the 1996 presidential elections, 449 (86.2%) believed in life after death (religiosity) while only 72 (13.8%) of those who voted said there was no life after death. The Pearson Chi square and linear-by-linear association showed a weak relationship between the independent and dependent variable (0.003 and 0.004 respectively at 0.05 significance level) but the high occurrence of those who voted in the 1996 election and demonstrated a faith or belief in life after death proves that voters with a solid religious orientation are more likely to determine the outcomes of the U.S. presidential election than voters with a secular orientation. Table 2: Belief in Life after Death and Participation in the 1996 Presidential Elections Belief in Life after Death (n=807) Did Respondent Vote in 1996 General Election Voted Did not Vote Ineligible Total Yes 449 (86.2) 181 (78.3) 40 ( 72.7) 670 (83.0) No 72 (13.8) 50 (21.7) 15 (27.3) 137 (17.0) Total 521 (64.6) 231 (28.6) 55 (6.8) 807 (100) N.B: Column percentages are presented in parenthesis Table 3 demonstrates the cross-tabulation between the social economic status (measured by income for last year) of respondents and if they voted in the 1996 presidential elections. From the cross-tabulation, it is evident that of the 573 respondents who participated in the 1996 presidential election, 105 (18.3 %) earned a salary of up to $12,999 per year, 341(59.5%) respondents earned between $12,500 and $49,000, and a further 127 (22.2%) earned $50,000 or more per year. The Pearson Chi-square and linear-by-linear association (both at 0.000 at 0.05 significance level) demonstrated no significant association that could have given credence to the hypothesis in symmetric measures. However, the cross-tabulation analysis proves that social economic status (as measured by respondents†™ income for the previous year) is a strong predictor for participation during presidential elections. Table 3 Respondents Income for Last Year and Participation in 1996 Presidential Election Income for Last Year (n=905) Did Respondent Vote in 1996 General Election Voted Did not Vote Ineligible Total Under $3,999 38 (6.6) 20 (7.1) 20 (39.2) 78 (8.6) $4000-6,999 24 (4.9) 16 (5.7) 9 (17.7) 49 (5.4) $7000-12,499 43 (7.5) 34 (12.1) 5 (9.8) 82 (9.1) $12,500-19,999 70 (12.2) 62 (22.1) 6 (11.8) 138 (15.3) $20,000-29,999 90 (15.7) 65 (23.1) 3 (5.9) 158 (17.5) $30,000-49,999 181 (31.6) 58 (20.6) 5 (9.8) 244 (26.9) $50,000-89,999 100 (17.5) 22 (7.8) 2 (3.9) 124 (13.7) $90,000 and above 27 (4.7) 4 (1.4) 1 (2.0) 32 (3.5) Total 573 (63.3) 281 (31.1) 51 (5.6) 905 (100.0) N.B: Column percentages are presented in parenthesis Table 4 shows the cross-tabulation analysis of the respondents’ highest level of education and participation in the 1996 presidential elect ion. The Pearson chi-square analysis and linear-by-linear association both demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between level of education and participation in presidential voting (Pearson Chi-square = 103.702, df-6, p =.004; linear-by-linear association = 93.526, df = 1, p = 0.000). The Lambda measure of association revealed a strong association between variables (0.774). Table 4: Educational Level and Participation in 1996 Presidential Election Educational Level (degree) (n=1366) Did Respondent Vote in 1996 General Election Voted Did not Vote Ineligible Total Less than high school 95 (10.8) 99 (25.1) 32 (36.0) 226 (16.5) High School 441 (49.9) 218 (55.3) 45 (50.6) 704 (51.5) Junior College or More 347 (39.3) 77 (19.5) 12 (13.5) 436 (32.0) Total 883 (64.6) 394 (28.8) 89 (6.5) 1366 (100.0) N.B: Row percentages are presented in parenthesis The cross-tabulation above demonstrates that out of the 883 respondents who participated in the 1996 president ial voting, 778 (89.2%) had a high school degree and above. This analysis together with the measures of association and significance proves that voters with low levels of education are less likely to take part in presidential elections than voters with high levels of education. Discussion The findings of this study demonstrate that media exposure, religion, social economic status and level of education are important determinants of voter participation in the U.S. presidential elections. Consequently, the present study reinforces findings of other studies that have evaluated individuals attributes (variables) and found them to have a significant influence on voting behaviors and patterns. In this study, media exposure has been found to be positively associated with a high likelihood of participating in presidential elections. This can be explained in terms of the capacity of media platforms to set the agenda of political campaigns with the view to influencing what the voters think ab out (Newton Brynin, 2001), and also in terms media’s capacity to prime or frame political issues in a manner that will lead the audience to see the need for casting their vote on the election day (Gonzalez, 2012). Through priming and framing of issues in Television channels, candidates are able to not only project an appealing image to the audience, but also create an emotional bond with viewers (Robertson et al., 2010, hence sustaining the audience’ desire to participate in elections. This study has also demonstrated how religious orientation is critical to informing voter decision to participate in presidential elections. However, as insinuated by Manza and Brooks (1997) that religious-oriented cleavages may have been a more fundamental factor for understanding the social roots of voter alignments than the class cleavage, the present study found both variables to be equally important in influencing voter participation in U.S. presidential election. In social class, this study reinforces the findings of other previous studies (e.g., Guterbock, 1980; Southwell, 2004) that economically disadvantaged Americans are less likely to vote than their well-off counterparts. The level of education has also being shown as a strong predictor to voting participation during the presidential elections, with findings demonstrating that eligible voters who have been unable to graduate from high school are less likely to vote than high school graduates and diploma/degree holders. Although the voting pattern (3.5% for eligible high school dropouts to 80.5% for well-off, advanced degree holders) demonstrated by Cole and Sum (2012) has not been replicated in this study, the view that uneducated voters are less likely to participate in elections than more educated voters has been well reinforced. There exist some limitations to the present study. First, the use of secondary data has brought difficulties in operationalizing some variables such as religion. The researc her had to rely on evaluating if respondents believed in life after death to determine their religious orientation. However, common knowledge demonstrates that not all people who believe in life after death are religious and not all religious people believe in life after death. The case of missing data values also presented a challenge during data analysis. Additionally, it can be said that some of the variables used are limited in scope and therefore could not be relied upon in a rigorous scientific research. Because presidential elections are a closely contested affair in the United States, it is imperative for policy makers and political players to know the factors that determine the participation of voters in the election. Knowledge of such determinants (media, social economic status, religion, and level of education) will not only help in prioritizing campaign needs for political parties, but also in ensuring that effective strategies are employed to woo voters to participate i n elections. It should be remembered that presidential candidate Mitt Romney lost considerable number of votes due to poor understanding of religious orientation as an important underpinning in U.S. elections. It is therefore suggested that more research needs to be done to analyze the dynamics of these determinants and how they are played out in party politics. References Balnaves, M., Caputi, P. (2001). Introduction to quantitative research methods: An investigative approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Coley, R.J., Sum, A. (2012). Fault lines in our democracy: Civic knowledge, voting behavior, and civic engagement in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.ets.org/s/research/19386/rsc/pdf/18719_fault_lines_report.pdf Gelman, A., Kenworthy, L., Su, Y.S. (2010). Income inequality and partisan voting in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 91(5), 1203-1219. Retrieved from http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/research/published/ssqfinal.pdf General Social Su rvey. (2013). Retrieved from http://www3.norc.org/gss+website/ Gonzalez, M.A. (2012). Religion and the US presidency: Politics, the media, and religious identity. Political Theology, 13(5), 565-585. Guterbock, T.M. (1980). Social class and voting choices in Middletown. Social Forces, 58(4), 1044-1056. Holbrook, T.M., McClurg, S.D. (2005). The mobilization of core supporters: Campaigns, turnout, and electoral composition in United States elections. American Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 689-703. Manza, J., Brooks, C. (1997). The religious factor in U.S. presidential elections, 1960-1992. AJS, 103(1), 38-81. Retrieved from http://as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/3858/The_Religious_Factor_in_U.S._Presidential_Elections.pdf Newman, B.I. (2001). An assessment of the 2000 US presidential election: A set of political marketing guidelines. Journal of Public Affairs, 1(3), 210-216. Newton, K., Brynin, M. (2001). The national press and party voting in the UK. Political Studies, 49(2), 265-285. Pa sek, J., Tahk, A., Lelkes, Y., Krosnick, J.A., Payne, B.K., Akhter, O., Tompson, T. (2009). Determinants of turnout and candidate choice in the 2008 U.S. presidential election: Illuminating the impact of racial prejudice and other considerations. Public Opinion Quarterly, 73(5), 943-994. Retrieved from https://www.stanford.edu/dept/communication/faculty/krosnick/docs/2008/2008_poq_pasek_determinants.pdf Robertson, S.P., Vatrapu, R.K., Medina, R. (2010). Off the wall political discourse: Facebook use in the 2008 U.S, presidential election. Information Polity: The International Journal of Government Democracy in the Information Age, 15(1/2), 11-31. Southwell, P. (2004). Economic voting in volatile times. Journal of Political Military Sociology, 32(2), 237-247. Uppal, S., LaRochelle-Cote, S. (2012). Factors associated with voting. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-x/2012001/article/11629-eng.htm Weisberg, H.F. (2007). The one thing you need to know about voting in American presidential elections. Retrieved from http://www.rochester.edu/college/psc/conferences/niemi2007/pdf/Voting%20in%20Presidential%20Elections.pdf Wildavsky, A. (2011). Presidential elections: Strategies and structures of American politics. New York, NY: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. This research paper on Voting Participation in the U.S. Presidential Elections was written and submitted by user Brylee Franklin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

producing electricity essays

producing electricity essays There are many ways to produce electricity but unfortunately not all of them are clean and safe. Luckily here in Canada we have clean and safe alternatives to things like the burning of fossil fuels. We are the largest producer of hydropower in the world. Hydro energy is electricity made using water. How it works is, water flowing down a river or falling from a waterfall is used to spin turbines inside a generator. Large rivers with fast flowing water and giant waterfalls work the best. Hydropower is clean. It doesn't produce any greenhouse gases or other air pollutants. It also doesn't generate any waste products that might need special disposal. Unlike fossil fuels it's carbon-free energy, hydropower doesn't burn fossil fuels. Another good thing about hydropower is it's flexible and reliable. Hydropower can be turned on almost immediately to meet the fast growing electricity demands. Facilities can easily respond to emergency power situations and provide constant energy with water. Coal, Oil and Gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals. It works by the coal being crushed to a fine dust and burnt. (Oil and gas can be burnt as is.) When the fuel is burnt it heats up water to make steam then the steam turns the turbines, the turbines turns the generator, then the generator produces electricity that is sent all over the country. There are many disadvantages with the burning of fossil fuels. The main disadvantage of fossil fuels is pollution. Burning any fossil fuel produces carbon dioxide, which contributes to the "greenhouse effect", (warming the Earth). Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning oil or gas. It also produces a gas that creates acid rain. But with the bad comes the good. Along with disadvantages there are also advantages. Very large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place using coal and Transporting oil and gas to ...

History of black education in the british north american colonies Research Paper

History of black education in the british north american colonies - Research Paper Example Thus with the formation of the colonies in the North America, diversified people came under the same government and its respective policies. Given the state of the colonies soon after its formation and the entire political scenario of the North America, it was very important to construct a uniting force and direct the future of the citizens into a better direction ensuring equality, human rights, and better quality of living. Moreover, Todorov (1999) states that it was necessary to make an effort to erase the memories of the darker days and instill hope in the citizens. Education was the available means to fight the approaching problems and destroy the seeds of discrimination. Since the North American colony had a good number of black populations against a considerable number of white people so, it was very important to bring them at par with them and not let them feel being discriminated. Hence, this paper â€Å"Black Education in British North America† came into being which will refer to several data and information to study the formation of the British North American colonies, the prevalent education system, the history of educating the ‘black population’. It would focus on the structural differences that the black children face in their education, the measures taken to diminish the differences, the extent of its success and the factors which brought about the change. Formation of the British North American Colonies The colonization of North America by the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland was a culminated result of a lengthy series of attempts and colonization drives by claimants more than one. According to Taylor (2001) the colonization drive in North America began in the year 1607 in the place called Jamestown, in Virginia and gradually colonies were established throughout the entire stretch of America. In America, British were considered as one of the most important colonizers since they established colonies over the largest area and posed a rivalry situation with the Spanish American Colonies in respect to economic and military power. As a result colonization of the America spread over a larger area, with a formidable reach, the British colony in North America gave room for the existence of three types of colonies, namely, charter colonies, proprietary colonies and the royal colonies. The diversity in the types of people, social, economical, and background provided the reasons for chaos and conflict among them on minor or major scale. The colonization drive by the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland, before the Acts of Union in 1707, led to the formation of the British North America colonies that was comprised of the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania and New York. The formation of the thirteen colonies, with brought together people from not only different states but al so people with varied backgrounds – social, economica

Anotated Biography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anotated Biography - Research Paper Example He presents his experiment on the cadets of Israeli Air force flight school to support his argument. The paper gives an experimental insight into the use of simulation in training which will help develop a methodology for research Gonzales and Cathcart give a factual account of how human nature adapts itself to learning. What are the problems encountered and how the brain evolves eventually? This will be very useful in the literature review of our research as it will help find a co-relation between development and simulation/training. Salas explains how PC-based simulation games can be used to exploit the student’s cognitive skills in various real world domains. This work will be helpful in the research as it seeks to provide various ways in which simulation can be used in training teachers. The paper explores the use of PC-Based simulations in air crew coordination. How valid it is, how safe it is and in what way is it better. It provides some valid points which will be useful in the research. In this paper Kincaid draws comparison between the effectiveness of tradition and simulation based training in medicine. He and his colleagues came to this conclusion that simulation and simulators are being used without regard for cognition, design and training. This will be very useful in the critical analysis part of the paper. In this paper Kincaid draws comparison between the effectiveness of tradition and simulation based training in medicine. He and his colleagues came to this conclusion that simulation and simulators are being used without regard for cognition, design and training. This will be very useful in the critical analysis part of the paper. Kohn, Linda, T, Carrigan, , & Janet, (2000). To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health Sys-tem, Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Retrieved 15th July 2010, from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9728&page=R1 This is a detailed elaborate

Policy Development Essay Example for Free

Policy Development Essay Domestic violence can be described as any form of deliberate coercion, bodily harm, sexual assault, or any other form of violent behavior committed by an intimate partner. Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Violence against an intimate partner is frequently followed by psychological abuse and controlling behavior relating to the methodical blueprint of power and control. Domestic violence comes in many forms but not always seen by the naked eye. Domestic violence constitutes forms of physical abuse, psychological abuse or even death that can be seen by other family members possibly causing a continuous cycle of abuse for generations to come. Facts and Statistics It is hard to grasp the notion that somewhere in the world every nine seconds a woman is being beaten or assaulted. On average, 85% of victims of domestic violence are women and 1 in every three women will endure some form of domestic violence in their natural life. Sadly enough only one fourth of all victims who have been physically assaulted by an intimate partner will actually report it to the police, implying that official statistics will never justify the full scope of the problem. The average age of a female victim who is at the greatest risk of harm by an intimate partner is between 20 to 24 years old. Domestic violence is the primary source of harm to a woman over all other possible harmful circumstances she will encounter. As if domestic violence isn’t already difficult enough for women to endure in an intimate relationship, if she has a male child who witnesses these assaults he is now two times more likely to abuse his partner or children as an adult passing along the cycle of abuse for our future. Statistics have shown that 30% to 60% of intimate partners who assault also assault their children. Intimate partner homicides that are reported to police make up  approximately one third of female homicide victims and 70% to 80% of those victims had a previous assault history. A very small amount of victims actually seek medical treatment after an assault but yet a vastly larger number of approximately 18.5 million victims seek mental health treatment following an assault. Separation isn’t always the ultimate solution to the problem. Over 70% of women who were injured during a domestic violence assault were assaulted after the separation (Safehorizon,  2014). Stakeholders Law Enforcement Often time’s victimization in cases of domestic violence is conducted behind closed doors causing law enforcement to become the first line of defense for victims of domestic violence. If the response of the police is extremely insufficient it has a negative impact on the victim making them less likely to use the criminal justice system in the future. There are typically three types of police responses to domestic violence: non-intervention, mediation, and arrest. The initial typical police response to domestic violence was the non-intervention way as police felt that domestic violence was a private matter best kept at home. The second approach is mediation which promotes crisis intervention including separating both parties, reconciliation, or social services referral. This method was designed to keep domestic violence out of the criminal justice system however, it proved to be ineffective. Now a more practiced policy to domestic violence is the arrest of an offender as a pres umed or mandatory response. Domestic violence cases are different in the sense that the offender can be taken into custody under a warrantless arrest as these types of misdemeanors do not have to occur in the officer’s presence. Legal changes have been made where officers now arrest the primary aggressor instead of the old dual arrest practices affecting the victim more than the offender. It has been shown that an officer is more often than not the victim’s last resort to alleviate the problem as they typically chose other routes as to not affect their livelihood. In all domestic violence situations officers shall make an arrest when an offense of violence has been presented, treat these acts of domestic violence as criminal, never disregard protection against domestic violence based upon race, religion, sexual orientation, immediately report  all cases of family violence, and receive training on domestic violence required by law (Erez,  2002). Due to the fact that domestic violence affects a large number of people, it is plausible to say that leaving the abuser is not as easy as people may think which would ultimately stop the abuse. Since this is true, law enforcement must approach domestic violence as serious as they approach any other significant crime by providing time, resources and attention. Given that law enforcement is spending a ton of time focusing on domestic violence, it is important for these agencies to establish a domestic violence policy that indicates reports will be completed on each domestic violence call regardless of whether or not an arrest was made. The most significant and respected service a law enforcement officer can provide to a victim is an arrest of their abuser (Klein,  2009). Prosecutors Prosecutors play a very important role in the prosecution of abusers within the criminal justice system in hopes of providing harsh judgments preventing reoffending and better protection of victims. If prosecutors fail to prosecute the bulk of domestic violence cases conducted by law enforcement an internal examination into their practices, policies, and priorities should be conducted providing an explanation as to why fewer prosecutions are being processed. They should not allow victims who are unwilling to prosecute their abuser stop them from proceeding on with the case. If a vast number of victims are willing to sign an affidavit of non prosecution, it is certain that prosecutors and law enforcement must come up with a better a way for victims to trust them so more cases are prosecuted. For prosecutors to gain a more successful prosecution rate, they must enhance victim cooperation and involvement by concentrating on the victim’s fears of being abused again or testifying i n court without fear of retaliation. In the event that a defendant possesses serious risk to the victim during trial, prosecutors must take all measures to protect the victim to effectively prosecute the case. It has been insisted upon by the judge that prosecutors report to the court any defendant’s negative actions such as reoffending, threatening or intimidating the victim so that potentially other charges can be added while the original case is still pending. While still being compassionate towards the victim, prosecution must base it case  on the law and penalties of the law versus the individual preferences of the victim as they tend to become more lenient during the course of the trial fearing retaliation in the future. Prosecution must also notify the defendant of this process so they don’t believe this is based upon the victim’s requests. Prosecutors must work hand in hand with law enforcement to obtain all the evidence associated with the case as well as identify and include all witnesses involved. Domestic violence can be deterred if prosecution sufficiently concentrates on the abuser risk by inflicting harsh sentences such as supervised probation and incarceration while revealing the defendants prior criminal and abuse history in hopes to prevent reoffending (Klein,  2009). The ideals that lawmakers had on prosecution or adjudication for domestic violence is consequently not being enforced. Legal representatives may become doubtful about the irregularity of violent behavior, or disbelieve the seriousness of the complainants, can either enforce the law firmly for prosecution purposes, or at the same time be understanding of the physical aggression that could be considered efficient punishment for the victim’s marital infidelity. Legal representatives are prone to characterize domestic violence as a civil matter for a ruling in divorce courts versus criminal courts. The prosecution and adjudication phases are substantial for offenders ultimately deciding their guilt or innocence, establishing a criminal record and providing a punishment. These phases are significant for the victim as well as they begin to trust the criminal justice system again (Erez,  2002). Judges Judges can ultimately be the final step in the adjudication process of domestic violence abusers so their role is extremely crucial in the protection of the victim. Merely handing down a guilty verdict does not guarantee reoffending of the abuser so judges should concentrate more on invasive sentences that include incarceration especially for those who are repeat offenders and those with an extensive criminal history. Even though judges should be open-minded when it comes to the views of the victims regarding punishment, he must enlighten all parties involved that he is compelled to hand out the most appropriate sentence pertaining to this case regardless of whether or not the victim agrees. Regardless whether the  defendant turns himself into the court for a domestic violence case, he should be treated as seriously as the offender arrested on scene as it has been shown that the typical offender flees the scene of the incident prior to officer’s arrival where a warrant is la ter issued for their arrest. Judges should hand down sentences that reflect the offender’s prior criminal history as those are signs of possible reoffending regardless if it reflects prior domestic violence offenses. In the event a defendant offends while pending another court case for domestic violence, judges may take that into account for purposes of bail, civil orders, and sentencing. Affidavits filled out by the victim don’t fully describe the abuse suffered by the victim or the fear of future abuse as this document is solely based upon the incident at hand. It is extremely valuable for the judge to further investigate this case by asking the victim more questions as well as examining the prior arrest history of the offender to have a better grasp on the whole picture relating to the abuse. Judges may issue protective orders to the victim but unfortunately this is only a strong piece of paper and it does not prevent abusers from reoffending. Judges should make every effort to house a user friendly courtroom, safe environment for all parties involved, be compassionate to the victims, and yet stern with defendants once some sort of abuse has been brought forward. When judges are able to represent the courtroom in this manner victims concerns are validated and the defendant’s behavior is shown to be unacceptable (Klein,  2009). Public Opinion Most people are in agreement that someone should step in when an abusive domestic violence situation arises, but they don’t agree on what their involvement should be, or the responsibility of the victim to reduce the violence by removing themselves from the abusive relationship. Even though people have the same opinion about domestic violence being a criminal act, they are not essentially on the same page that police should regularly arrest the offender or use other corrective authority versus using other alternatives. This apparent apprehension may be the outcome of people’s uncertainty concerning the applications of criminal sanctions. One theory is they believe offenders warrant the penalty of arrest or jail, yet another theory is they are often practical about the efficiency of the punishment  actually putting a stop to the aggressive actions or the probability the penalty will ultimately protect the victim. A more promising effect is possibly that of rehabilitation and victim or community focused changes. Nonetheless, such changes like offender treatments, education, and victims ultimately leaving the relationship continue to be a rare result (Carlson,  2002). Reform Recent reform within the prosecution and adjudication process of domestic violence includes the issuance of protective order as well as special legal defenses for battered women who have killed their abuser. At one time civil protection orders were only obtainable through a pending divorce, recently they have been pushed through legislation for battered women who are not currently involved in a divorce proceeding. The main objective of domestic violence reform has been aimed at the prosecution process as it has been found that too many cases, misdemeanors, were falling out of the criminal justice process during different stages. Through the years, domestic violence has become one of the most talked about policies and is in constant reform as ideals are continuously changing. Historically very little action by the police and prosecutors has been done regarding domestic violence and without a more serious offense, prior record of offender, possible weapon use, injuries, or physical evi dence most cases won’t see the inside of a courtroom. The most effective way to present a domestic violence case before the court is to have the victim’s cooperation but yet most prosecutors predict that victims will sign an affidavit of non prosecution ultimately dismissing the case altogether typically causing prosecutors to hesitate before filling a case. Prosecution efforts should be based upon the victim’s safety not the conviction of the offender. It should also be an approach to getting the word out to the offender that the abuse is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Prosecutors have recently found a way to prosecute domestic violence offenses even when the complainant does not want to pursue charges. They have implemented victim advocacy programs within the prosecutor’s office in hopes to boost victim retention within the process. Another approach is the evidence based prosecution, which is the idea of gathering all significant evidence to build a case against an  offender without the victim. Many peo ple believe these practices take away from the victim’s freedoms of determining their course of action (Erez,  2002). Another reform is that of the battered woman syndrome which has been employed in hopes of fixing past practices of disregarding the difficulty battered women face when she wants to defend herself in court, or the necessity to apply principals of law, or self defense that were not particularly appropriate for issues relating to abuse. This tactic has been used as a legal defense for women who battered or killed their abuser after they have suffered many years of abuse and responded by causing harm or death to them. Often times these cases are from battered women who harm their abuser without first being irritated due to the psychological state of mind the victim has suffered for many years (Erez,  2002). Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Without the constant fight by all stakeholders within the criminal justice system for the victims of domestic violence, no real solution to the problem can come of this resolve. Constant and continuous reform is necessary to maintain the safety and security of all victims preserving their trust with the criminal justice system.

Letters vs. E-mail Essay -- Communication Writing Technology Essays

Letters vs. E-mail: Communicating through Writing My grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins live in Ireland leaving oceans and expensive air fare separating us. Through pictures, stories, letters, and phone calls I have come to know the history of my family, what brought my mother to this country, and what a life in Ireland is like. However, over time these forms of communication were not strong and consistent enough to enable me to build an emotional connection and relationship with specific members of my family. I mainly just heard my mother’s point of view and got to know my family through her experiences with them. That was before the invention of electronic mail, a faster, cheaper outlet for communication that can reach anyone in the world who has access to the World Wide Web. Without technology, cyber space, and e-mail I would have very little communication and understanding of my family in Ireland. Prior to the creation of e-mail, writing letters was the best way to communicate overseas or anywhere a phone company considered long distance. Phone calls were too expensive and the time difference between Ireland and Michigan made it inconvenient to reach someone at a suitable hour. Phone numbers and area codes are also constantly changing while e-mail addresses stay with you wherever you go. While I was in High School my family moved three times, making it difficult for my relatives overseas to keep up with which number was the most recent. However, they knew it was still possible to get a hold of us via e-mail. Communicating through letters was exhausting, demanded time, and required readable penmanship. It could take almost two weeks to receive mail and half the time it would... ...f writing provide for a fast and effective mode of communication. There are both positive and negative characteristics associated with the use of the postal mail system and the handwritten letter versus electronic mail and computer created text. However, without the invention of e-mail it would not be possible for me to communicate and keep in touch with my family overseas as often and frequently as I do. Thanks to e-mail I can now build a better relationship with family members I seldom get to physically interact with. Works Cited Baron, Dennis. â€Å"From Pencils to Pixels: The Stages of Literacy Technologies.† Tribble and Trubek 36. Lesser, Wendy. â€Å"The Conversion.† Tribble and Trubek, 227-231. Tribble, Evelyn, and Trubek, Anne, eds. Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 2003